With all the parties and barbeques this weekend it's sometimes easy to lose sight of the true meaning of Memorial Day.  Although certainly you know that Memorial Day honors those who have lost their lives serving in the U.S. Military, you may be unaware of the origins behind this day of remembrance.

One of the first Memorial Day celebrations in the U.S. was by newly freed enslaved men, women, and children on Mat 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina. Not long after the Civil War ended, freed enslaved peoples, members of the U.S. Colored Troops, and some locals organized a ceremony to bury Union troops who died due to horrendous conditions of a prison created at what was once a racetrack, History.com reports. They honored the dead by singing hymns and placing flowers on their graves. 

In 1950, Congress passed a resolution requesting the president issue a proclamation calling on Americans to observe Memorial Day as a day of prayer for permanent peace.

In 1968,  Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which established Memorial Day as the last Monday in May, in order to create a three-day weekend for federal employees, but Memorial Day didn't actually become an official federal holiday until 1971.

President Bill Clinton signed the National Moment of Remembrance Act in 2000, which asks Americans to pause and observe a National Moment of Remembrance at 3 p.m. local time.  A number of organizations throughout the country observe this moment.

While Memorial Day has generated community traditions, it has also generated traditions for how the government observes the day, too. The flag should be flown at half-staff from sunrise until noon, according to Gettysburg Flag, to honor men and women who have fallen in the line of duty. At noon, the flag should be briskly raised to full staff to salute all of those who have served.

One special tradition is that the President places a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

PLEASE, whatever plans you have for this holiday, make sure you take at least a few minutes to remember and honor those who have paid the uiltimate sacrifice so that you can enjoy those plans.

Nellie Quander was born February 11, 1880.  She was a Black teacher and community activist born in Washington, D.C.

Nellie May Quander was the daughter of John Pierson Quander and Hannah Bruce Ford Quander. The Quander family can trace their lineage three hundred years in Maryland and Virginia. They are one of the oldest free Black families whose ancestors were slaves in America. Her father was a descendant of Nancy Quander, one of the slaves freed by President of the United States, George Washington, in his last will. In addition, Nellie's mother was a relative of West Ford, a freed mulatto and supposed son of George Washington, westfordlegacy.com  During her early years, she attended Washington, D.C.'s public schools. She graduated from Miner Normal School with honors. When Quander entered Howard University, only 1/3 of 1% of African Americans and 5% of whites attended college. While enrolled at Howard University, Quander taught students at the Garrison School in Washington, D.C. In June 1912, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in history, economics, and political science. Quander became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard in 1910.

Quander, along with Minnie Smith, Norma Boyd, Julia Evangeline Brooks, Nellie Pratt Russell, and Ethel Jones Mowbray moved to incorporate Alpha Kappa Alpha on January 29, 1913.  As president for several years, she helped expand the sorority and further its support of African-American women at colleges and in communities. The sorority established a scholarship endowment in her name.

Later, Quander was the first director of the North Atlantic Region of AKA. Quander established the first Alpha Kappa Alpha scholarship for a senior with the highest grade point average in the School of Liberal Arts. She was the sole founder of the Zeta chapter at Wilberforce University. She continued to act as a graduate advisor to the Alpha chapter and was a member of the Xi Omega chapter in Washington, D.C. 

After graduation, Quander taught for the public school system in Washington, D.C., serving generations of students for 30 years. Because the District was part of the Federal government, Black teachers in the public schools were on the same scale as whites. The system attracted many outstanding teachers. From 1914 to 1915, Quander studied at Columbia University to earn her Master of Arts degree. Later, she pursued additional post-graduate degrees.

From 1916 to 1917, Quander was a special field agent for the Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor. In this position, she observed the social and economic structure of mentally disabled people in New Castle County, Delaware. The local Women's Club sponsored the study to establish an institution for the mentally challenged. Quander attained a degree in social work at New York University and studied economics for two summers at the University of Washington.

In 1936, Quander earned a diploma at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden. The same year, she attended the International Conference on Social Work in London, England. Quander established and supported the School Safety Patrol Unit for twenty-five years in public schools. She was a member of the Business Professional and Industrial Committee board of directors in the Phillis Wheatley YMCA. She was the national industrial field secretary in work related to unions. She was a delegate for education-related unions and the Women's Trade Union League.

Quander served as Miner Community Center's executive secretary, serving women and children. She also was secretary of the trustee board of Lincoln Temple Congregational Church. In 1984, Alpha Kappa Alpha created a scholarship endowment in Quander's honor. The scholarship total was $125,000 for Howard University junior and senior students. She devoted her life to education and civic activities. She was close to her surviving sister, Susie Russell Quander (member of Zeta Phi Beta - Alpha Chapter), nephews, and friends.

Nellie Quander died on September 24, 1961.

"She wasn’t taken seriously and wasn’t believed when she presented herself as the head farmer.

Later, when Annie became the primary operator of her own farm at Blue Rock Station, she made it a priority to connect with and support other women farmers in her region. She organized farm tours where aspiring women farmers and consumers alike could explore woman-owned operations, she created a group called Women Grow Ohio, hosted a conference series, and stood up for women’s rights on her local Farm Service Committee.

Standing in her power in meetings with community members or government agencies where women’s voices often went unheard made the men involved angry.

Our societal prioritization of men and men’s feelings has made it very difficult for women like Annie Warmke to center their needs. Women are not only supposed to occupy the role of humble sidekick, but they are also supposed to be pleasing in how they dress, how they speak, and what they say. Women are not allowed to upset or offend. Women are not allowed to speak their truth if it will make men uncomfortable."

Read the full article, "Women Have Always Been Farmers" by Darby Weaver at

https://www.thefarmerslandtrust.org/women-have-always-been-farmers/